The Netherlands is, in many ways, a testament to what determined engineering can achieve. A third of the country sits below sea level; the Dutch built it back up through centuries of drainage, dike construction, and sheer collective will. The flat landscape is a canvas for extraordinary light — the kind that made Dutch Golden Age painting possible, the light of Rembrandt and Vermeer and de Hooch.

Amsterdam is one of the world's great cities: canal-ringed, bicycle-centric, dense with museums (the Rijksmuseum, the Van Gogh Museum, the Anne Frank House), and more liberal in its social policies than almost anywhere. Beyond Amsterdam, the Netherlands offers The Hague's international institutions and royal palaces, Rotterdam's extraordinary modernist architecture (the historic centre was bombed flat in 1940 and rebuilt with ambition), and a countryside dotted with windmills and cycling paths.